程式設計常見的幾個原則整理
SOLID原則(SRP, OCP, LSP, ISP, DIP) SRP(Single responsibility,單一職責) 定義:一個class應該只有一個需要改變的原因。 There should never be more than one reason for a class to change. 白話:一個class只作一件事。 OCP(Open-closed,開放封閉) 定義:軟體設計,應該對擴充開放,對修改封閉。 Software entities like classes, modules and functions should be open for extension but closed for modifications. 白話:軟體要很容易擴充功能,且擴充時原有的code都不需修改。 LSP(Liskov substitution,Liskov替換) 定義:子類必須能夠替換其父類別。 Inheritance should ensure that any property proved about supertype objects also holds for subtype objects. 白話:設計父類別時,只把所有的子類都有的東西放進來。 ISP(Interface segregation,介面隔離) 定義:客戶(Client)只要依賴它們所需的介面 Clients should not be forced to depend upon interfaces that they don't use. 白話:設計介面也盡量簡單,別把不相關的東西放進來。 DIP(Dependency inversion,依賴倒轉) 定義: 高階模組不應依賴低階模組,兩者應依賴抽象概念。 High-level modules should not depend on low-level modules. Both should depend on abstractions. 抽象概念不應依賴細節,細節應依賴抽象概念。 Abstractions should not depend on details. Details should depend on abstractions. ...